气候变化否定论：修订间差异

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[[File:https://img.gnix807.cn/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%90%A6%E8%AE%A4%20-%20%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%20---%20Climate%20change%20denial.webm|thumb|upright=1.30|thumbtime=1:09|start=0:26|在2015年2月26日的严冬，共和党参议员[[吉姆·英霍夫]]（Jim Inhofe）在[[美国参议院]]大厅内展示了一个雪球，试图以此作为全球并未变暖的证据。<ref name=CNN_20150227>[https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/26/politics/james-inhofe-snowball-climate-change/ Inhofe brings snowball on Senate floor as evidence globe is not warming], CNN, 2015-02-27.</ref> 然而，当年随后被证实是当时地球有气象记录以来最热的一年。<ref name=NASA_re2015_20160120>[https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-noaa-analyses-reveal-record-shattering-global-warm-temperatures-in-2015/ NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015], NASA, 2016-01-20.</ref> [[NASA]][[戈达德太空研究所]]的主任明确区分了单一地点单周的“局部”天气与“全球”的长期气候变化。<ref name=Guardian_20150226>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/26/senate-james-inhofe-snowball-climate-change Republican Senate environment chief uses snowball as prop in climate rant], The Guardian, 2015-02-26.</ref> ]]

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'''气候变化否定论'''（Climate change denial，或称'''全球变暖否定论'''）是[[科学否定论]]的一种形式，其特征是拒绝、不承认、质疑或对抗有关人为全球变暖的广泛证据（这些证据已促成了[[关于气候变化的科学共识]]）。宣扬这种否定论的人通常使用修辞策略，在根本不存在科学争议的地方制造出存在争议的假象。<ref name=":1">[https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckn139 Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?], The European Journal of Public Health, 2008.</ref><ref name="Hartley">[https://commonslibrary.org/tactics-used-by-fossil-fuel-companies-to-suppress-critique-and-obstruct-climate-action/ Tactics Used by Fossil Fuel Companies to Suppress Critique and Obstruct Climate Action], The Commons Social Change Library, 2025-02-17.</ref> 气候变化否定论的常见表现包括：对气候变化在多大程度上是由[[气候变化的原因|人类引起]]的、气候变化对[[气候变化的影响|自然和人类社会的影响]]提出不合理的怀疑；或者在夸大[[气候变化缓解|缓解]]气候变化成本的同时，淡化[[气候变化适应|适应]]气候变化的成本。<ref name="ncse-pillars">[http://ncse.com/climate/denial/climate-change-is-good-science Climate change is good science], National Center for Science Education, 2010-06-04.</ref><ref name="NCSE-why-denial">[https://ncse.ngo/why-it-called-denial Why Is It Called Denial?], National Center for Science Education, 2016-01-15.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-inquisition-of-climate-science/9780231157186 The inquisition of climate science], Columbia University Press, 2011.:170–173</ref> 在较小程度上，当人们接受科学事实却[[认知失调|未能将其与自身的信仰或行动相统一]]时，气候变化否定论也会呈现为一种隐性否定。<ref name="NCSE-why-denial" /> 多项研究将这些立场定性为[[否定主义]]、<ref name=":3">[http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764213477097 Climate Change Skepticism and Denial: An Introduction], American Behavioral Scientist, 2013.:691–698</ref>[[伪科学]]、<ref>[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002 Science denial as a form of pseudoscience], Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2017.</ref>或[[政治宣传]]。<ref name="Jacques2008">[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644010802055576 The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism], Environmental Politics, 2008.:351</ref>

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-[[File:https://img.gnix807.cn/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%90%A6%E8%AE%A4%20-%20%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%20---%20Climate%20change%20denial.webm|thumb|upright=1.30|thumbtime=1:09|start=0:26|在2015年2月26日的严冬，共和党参议员[[吉姆·英霍夫]]（Jim Inhofe）在[[美国参议院]]大厅内展示了一个雪球，试图以此作为全球并未变暖的证据。<ref name=CNN_20150227>[https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/26/politics/james-inhofe-snowball-climate-change/ Inhofe brings snowball on Senate floor as evidence globe is not warming], CNN, 2015-02-27.</ref> 然而，当年随后被证实是当时地球有气象记录以来最热的一年。<ref name=NASA_re2015_20160120>[https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-noaa-analyses-reveal-record-shattering-global-warm-temperatures-in-2015/ NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015], NASA, 2016-01-20.</ref> [[NASA]][[戈达德太空研究所]]的主任明确区分了单一地点单周的“局部”天气与“全球”的长期气候变化。<ref name=Guardian_20150226>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/26/senate-james-inhofe-snowball-climate-change Republican Senate environment chief uses snowball as prop in climate rant], The Guardian, 2015-02-26.</ref> ]]
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 '''气候变化否定论'''（Climate change denial，或称'''全球变暖否定论'''）是[[科学否定论]]的一种形式，其特征是拒绝、不承认、质疑或对抗有关人为全球变暖的广泛证据（这些证据已促成了[[关于气候变化的科学共识]]）。宣扬这种否定论的人通常使用修辞策略，在根本不存在科学争议的地方制造出存在争议的假象。<ref name=":1">[https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckn139 Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?], The European Journal of Public Health, 2008.</ref><ref name="Hartley">[https://commonslibrary.org/tactics-used-by-fossil-fuel-companies-to-suppress-critique-and-obstruct-climate-action/ Tactics Used by Fossil Fuel Companies to Suppress Critique and Obstruct Climate Action], The Commons Social Change Library, 2025-02-17.</ref> 气候变化否定论的常见表现包括：对气候变化在多大程度上是由[[气候变化的原因|人类引起]]的、气候变化对[[气候变化的影响|自然和人类社会的影响]]提出不合理的怀疑；或者在夸大[[气候变化缓解|缓解]]气候变化成本的同时，淡化[[气候变化适应|适应]]气候变化的成本。<ref name="ncse-pillars">[http://ncse.com/climate/denial/climate-change-is-good-science Climate change is good science], National Center for Science Education, 2010-06-04.</ref><ref name="NCSE-why-denial">[https://ncse.ngo/why-it-called-denial Why Is It Called Denial?], National Center for Science Education, 2016-01-15.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-inquisition-of-climate-science/9780231157186 The inquisition of climate science], Columbia University Press, 2011.<sup>:170–173</sup></ref> 在较小程度上，当人们接受科学事实却[[认知失调|未能将其与自身的信仰或行动相统一]]时，气候变化否定论也会呈现为一种隐性否定。<ref name="NCSE-why-denial" /> 多项研究将这些立场定性为[[否定主义]]、<ref name=":3">[http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764213477097 Climate Change Skepticism and Denial: An Introduction], American Behavioral Scientist, 2013.<sup>:691–698</sup></ref>[[伪科学]]、<ref>[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002 Science denial as a form of pseudoscience], Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2017.</ref>或[[政治宣传]]。<ref name="Jacques2008">[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644010802055576 The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism], Environmental Politics, 2008.<sup>:351</sup></ref>